First-year law programs in the United States typically start with a highly structured curriculum that focuses on the basics of the law, such as jurisdiction, standing to sue, and motions. In addition, they may include a comprehensive examination of the Bill of Rights, enforceable promises, and rules of nonperformance. Students may also spend a year studying abroad. Some schools even have the opportunity to work pro bono with real-life clients. While the first-year curriculum is rigorous, students can choose a class that matches their personal preferences and interests.

The social fact that determines the validity of a law is a critical component of the theory. Hart emphasizes the importance of secondary rules that determine the validity of primary rules, which in turn determine their modes of application. In his approach to law, Hart appeals to the difficulties that societies face in coping with changes in their environment and increased heterogeneity. In addition, society may need to adapt its primary rules to address the challenges of heterogeneity.

Another important element of law is social norms. As a result of social norms, law can be an important tool for achieving normative goals. Ultimately, law can change behavior patterns. A social norm is an agreement among two or more parties. A social norm is a norm, and a law can serve as a focal institution for selecting equilibrium. If law is valid, it can change behavior patterns and ensure that individuals behave in an ethical way.